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Vietnamese personal names generally consist of three parts: a family name, a middle name, and a given name, used in that order. The "family name first" order follows the system of Chinese names and is common throughout the Chinese cultural sphere, but is different from Chinese, Korean, and Japanese names in having a middle name. Persons can be referred to by either the whole name, the given name, or a hierarchic pronoun in normal usage. Due to the frequency of the major family names such as Nguyễn, Trần, and Lê, a person is often referred to by their middle name along with their given name in Vietnamese media and youth culture. The Vietnamese language is tonal, and so are Vietnamese names. Names with the same spelling (ignoring diacritics) but with different tones are different names, which can confuse non-Vietnamese people when the diacritics are dropped, in use outside Vietnam. ==Family name== The family name, positioned first, is passed on by the father to his children. It is estimated that there are around one hundred family names in common use, although some are far more common than others. The name ''Nguyễn'' is estimated to be used by almost 40% of the Vietnamese population. The top three names are so popular because people tended to take the family name of kings, to show their loyalty. Over many generations, the family names became permanent. The most common family names among the Vietnamese are the following (the Chinese characters following each name are Hán tự).〔Lê Trung Hoa, ''Họ Và Tên Người Việt Nam'' (''Vietnamese Family and Personal Names''), Social Sciences Publishing House (2005) ()〕 Added together these 14 names account for 90% of the people. #Nguyễn 阮 (38%) #Trần 陳 (11%) #Lê 黎 (9.5%) #Phạm 范 (7.1%) #Huỳnh/Hoàng 黃 (5.1%) #Phan 潘 (4.5%) #Vũ/Võ 武 (3.9%) #Đặng 鄧(2.1%) #Bùi 裴 (2%) #Đỗ 杜 (1.4%) #Hồ 胡 (1.3%) #Ngô 吳 (1.3%) #Dương 楊 (1%) #Lý 李 (0.5%) The following include some other, less common, surnames, in alphabetical order: *Bành: 彭 *Cao: 高 *Châu: 周 *Chu: 周 or 朱 *Chung: 鍾 *Diệp: 葉 *Đàm: 譚 *Đào: 陶 *Đinh: 丁 *Đoàn: 段 *Giang: 江 *Hà: 何 *Hàn: 韓 *Kiều: 喬 *Kim: 金 *La: 羅 *Lạc: 駱 *Lâm: 林 *Liễu (in northern or central regions): 柳 *Lục: 陸 *Lương: 梁 *Lưu (in central or southern regions): 劉 *Mã: 馬 *Mạch: 麥 *Mai: 梅 *Nghiêm: 嚴 *Phó: 傅 *Phùng: 馮 *Quách: 郭 *Quang: 光 *Quyền: 權 *Tạ: 謝 *Thạch: 石 *Thái/Sái: 蔡 *Thi: 施 *Thân: 伸 *Thảo: 草 *Thủy: 水 *Tiêu: 蕭 *Tô: 蘇 *Tôn: 孫 *Trang: 莊 *Triệu: 趙 *Trịnh: 鄭 (almost exclusively a northern surname, based around Thanh Hóa) *Trương: 張 *Văn: 文 *Vĩnh: 永 *Vương: 王 *Vưu: 尤 In Vietnamese cultural practice, women always keep their family names once they marry, just as in other East Asian cultures, including Chinese culture, to the north and northeast. Some Vietnamese have dual family names. This dual family name is usually passed through all people in the family, but sometimes through the male or female line only. In many cases the mother's family name is added behind the father's as a middle name, which does not make a dual family name, as the mother's family name is not passed through to the next generation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vietnamese name」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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